September 28

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Events

48 BC – Pompey the Great is assassinated on the orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.
351 – Battle of Mursa Major: the Roman Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius.
365 – Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople, and proclaims himself Roman emperor.
935 – Saint Wenceslas is murdered by his brother, Boleslaus I of Bohemia.
995 – Members of Slavník's dynasty – Spytimír, Pobraslav, Pořej and Čáslav are murdered by Boleslaus's son, Boleslaus II the Pious.
1066 – William the Conqueror invades England: the Norman Conquest begins.
1106 – The Battle of Tinchebrai – Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose.
1322 – Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf.
1448 – Christian I is crowned king of Denmark.
1542 – Navigator João Rodrigues Cabrilho of Portugal arrives at what is now San Diego, California, United States.
1708 – Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
1779 – American Revolution: Samuel Huntington is elected President of the Continental Congress, succeeding John Jay.
1781 – American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown, Virginia, during the American Revolutionary War.
1787 – The newly completed United States Constitution is voted on by the U.S. Congress to be sent to the state legislatures for approval.
1791 – France becomes the first European country to emancipate its Jewish population.
1844 – Oscar I of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
1864 – The International Workingmen's Association is founded in London.
1867 – Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario.
1867 – The United States takes control of Midway Island.
1868 – Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
1889 – The first General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) defines the length of a meter as the distance between two lines on a standard bar of an alloy of platinum with ten percent iridium, measured at the melting point of ice.
1891 – Club Atletico Peñarol is founded under the name of Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club
1928 – The U.K. Parliament passes the Dangerous Drugs Act outlawing cannabis.
1928 – Sir Alexander Fleming notices a bacteria-killing mould growing in his laboratory, discovering what later became known as penicillin.
1939 – Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland after their invasion during World War II.
1939 – Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II.
1944 – Soviet Army troops liberate Klooga concentration camp in Klooga, Estonia.
1958 – France ratifies a new Constitution of France; the French Fifth Republic is then formed upon the formal adoption of the new constitution on October 4. Guinea rejects the new constitution, voting for independence instead.
1961 – A military coup in Damascus effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria.
1962 – The Paddington tram depot fire destroys 65 trams in Brisbane, Australia.
1971 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 banning the medicinal use of cannabis.
1973 – The ITT Building in New York City is bombed in protest at ITT's alleged involvement in the September 11 1973 coup d'état in Chile.
1975 – The Spaghetti House siege, in which nine people are taken hostage, takes place in London.
1994 – The car ferry Template:MS sinks in Baltic Sea, killing 852 people.
1995 – Bob Denard and a group of mercenaries take the islands of Comoros in a coup.
2000 – Al-Aqsa Intifada: Ariel Sharon visits the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
2008 – SpaceX launches the first ever private spacecraft, the Falcon 1 into orbit.
2009 – The military junta leading Guinea, headed by Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, sexually assaulted, killed and wounded protesters during a protest rally in a stadium called Stade du 28 Septembre.

Births

551 BC – Confucius, Chinese philosopher (d. 479)
58 BC – Livia Drusilla, wife of the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus (d. 29)
1330 – Nicolas Flamel, French alchemist (d. 1418)
1493 – Agnolo Firenzuola, Italian poet (d. 1545)
1571 – Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian artist (d. 1610)
1605 – Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer (d. 1694)
1667 – Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (d. 1701)
1681 – Johann Mattheson, German composer (d. 1764)
1705 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (d. 1774)
1746 – Sir William Jones, English philologist (d. 1794)
1792 – Johann Georg Hiedler, Grandfather of Adolf Hitler (d. 1857)
1803 – Prosper Mérimée, French author (d. 1870)
1809 – Alvan Wentworth Chapman, American physician and botanist (d. 1899)
1821 – Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American politician (d. 1874)
1823 – Alexandre Cabanel, French painter (d. 1889)
1824 – Francis Turner Palgrave, British critic and poet (d. 1897)
1835 – Sai Baba of Shirdi (d. 1918)
1836 – Thomas Crapper, English inventor (d. 1910)
1841 – Georges Clemenceau, French politician (d. 1929)
1852 – Henri Moissan, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)
1856 – Kate Douglas Wiggin, American children's author (d. 1923)
1861 – Amélie of Orléans, queen of Portugal (d. 1951)
1867 – Hiranuma Kiichirō, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952)
1881 – Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (d. 1950)
1887 – Avery Brundage, American athlete and sports official (d. 1975)
1889 – Jack Fournier, American baseball player (d. 1973)
1891 – Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress (d. 1918)
1893 – Giannis Skaribas, Greek writer and dramatist (d. 1984)
1898 – Carl Clauberg, Nazi concentration camp doctor (d. 1957)
1901 – William S. Paley, American radio and television executive (d. 1990)
1901 – Ed Sullivan, American television show host (d. 1974)
1905 – Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)
1907 – Heikki Savolainen, Finnish gymnast (d. 1997)
1907 – Bhagat Singh, Indian activist (d. 1931)
1909 – Al Capp, American cartoonist (d. 1979)
1910 – Diosdado Macapagal, 9^th President of the Philippines (d. 1997)
1910 – Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino politician and resistance leader (d. 1942)
1913 – Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)
1916 – Peter Finch, English-born actor (d. 1977)
1918 – Ángel Labruna, Argentinian football player and coach (d. 1983)
1919 – Doris Singleton, American actress
1923 – John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch, British politician (d. 2007)
1923 – William Windom, American actor
1924 – Marcello Mastroianni, Italian actor (d. 1996)
1925 – Seymour Cray, American computer scientist (d. 1996)
1925 – Cromwell Everson, South African composer (d. 1991)
1925 – Arnold Stang, American actor
1926 – Jerry Clower, American comedian (d. 1998)
1929 – Lata Mangeshkar, Indian playback singer
1930 – Immanuel Wallerstein, American sociologist
1932 – Víctor Jara, Chilean folk singer and activist (d. 1973)
1933 – Miguel Berrocal, sculptor (d. 2006)
1934 – Brigitte Bardot, French actress
1934 – Janet Munro, British actress (d. 1972)
1935 – Heather Sears, British actress (d. 1994)
1937 – Alice Mahon, English politician and labor leader
1937 – Rod Roddy, American television announcer (d. 2003)
1938 – Ben E. King, American r&b singer
1939 – Stuart Kauffman, American biologist
1939 – Rudolph Walker, Trinidadian-born British actor
1941 – Edmund Stoiber, German politician
1942 – Marshall Bell, American actor
1942 – Pierre Clémenti, French actor (d. 1999)
1942 – Tim Maia, Brazilian singer (d. 1998)
1943 – Nick St. Nicholas, Canadian musician (Steppenwolf)
1943 – J. T. Walsh, American actor (d. 1998)
1943 – Warren Lieberfarb, American media executive
1946 – Jeffrey Jones, American actor
1946 – Helen Shapiro, English singer
1947 – Bob Carr, Australian politician
1947 – Sheikh Hasina, Bangladeshi politician
1950 – Laurie Lewis, American musician
1950 – John Sayles, American director and screenwriter
1951 – Wei Chen, Canadian journalist
1952 – Sylvia Kristel, Dutch actress
1954 – Steve Largent, American football player and U.S. Congressman
1954 – George Lynch, American musician (Dokken)
1955 – Stéphane Dion, Canadian politician
1959 – Ron Fellows, Canadian race car driver
1959 – Steve Hytner, American actor
1959 – Dantes Tsitsi, Nauruan politician
1960 – Jennifer Rush, American pop singer
1961 – Quentin Kawananakoa, pretender to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii
1962 – Grant Fuhr, Canadian hockey player
1962 – Chuck Taylor, American music journalist
1963 – Steve Blackman, American professional wrestler
1964 – Claudio Borghi, Argentine football manager (Colo-Colo)
1964 – Laura Cerón, American actress
1964 – Janeane Garofalo, American actress and comedian
1964 – Paul Jewell, English football manager
1965 – Ginger Fish, American drummer (Marilyn Manson)
1966 – Puri Jagannadh, Indian film director
1966 – Maria Canals Barrera, American actress, singer
1967 – Mira Sorvino, American actress
1967 – Moon Unit Zappa, American singer and actress
1968 – Mika Häkkinen, Finnish race car driver
1968 – Naomi Watts, English-born Australian actress
1968 – Rob Moroso, American NASCAR driver (d. 1990)
1969 – Mark Everett, American fugitive (d. 2008)
1969 – Ben Greenman, American author
1969 – Éric Lapointe, Canadian singer
1969 – Nico Vaesen, Belgian footballer
1970 – Mike DeJean, American baseball player
1970 – Gualter Salles, Brazilian racing driver
1971 – Alan Wright, English footballer
1971 – Joseph Arthur, American singer-songwriter
1972 – Dita Von Teese, American burlesque artist
1973 – Jori Hulkkonen, Finnish electronic musician
1973 – Brian Rafalski, American ice hockey player
1974 – Mariya Kiselyova, Russian swimmer
1974 – Joonas Kolkka, Finnish footballer
1974 – Shane Webcke, Australian rugby player
1974 – John Light, English actor
1975 – Stuart Clark, Australian cricketeer
1975 – Lenny Krayzelburg, American swimmer
1976 – Fedor Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist
1977 – Se Ri Pak, Korean golfer
1978 – Bushido, German rapper
1979 – Bam Margera, American skateboarder
1981 – José Calderón, Spanish basketball player
1981 – Jorge Guagua, Ecuadorian footballer
1981 – Gül Gölge, Turkish model and actress
1981 – Iracema Trevisan, Brazilian musician (CSS)
1982 – Aleksandr Anyukov, Russian footballer
1982 – Ray Emery, Canadian hockey player
1982 – Ranbir Kapoor, Indian actor
1982 – Nolwenn Leroy, French singer
1982 – Emeka Okafor, American basketball player
1982 – Dustin Penner, Canadian hockey player
1982 – Anderson Varejão, Brazilian basketball player
1982 – Abhinav Bindra, Indian shooter
1983 – Stefan Moore, English footballer
1984 – Melody Thornton, American singer and dancer (Pussycat Dolls)
1984 – Ryan Zimmerman, American baseball player
1986 – Andrés Guardado, Mexican footballer
1987 – Hilary Duff, American actress, singer
1988 – Marin Čilić, Croatian tennis player
1988 – Esmée Denters, Dutch singer
1988 – Aleks Vrteski, Australian footballer
1989 – Mark Randall, English footballer
1992 – Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress
2000 – Frankie Jonas, American actor

Deaths

48 BC – Pompey, Roman general and politician (b. 106 BC)
235 – Saint Pontianus, Pope
876 – Louis the German, King of Eastern Francia (b. 804)
935 – Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (b. 907)
1104 – Pedro I, king of Aragon and Navarre (b. 1068)
1197 – Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1165)
1429 – Cymburgis of Masovia, wife of Duke Ernest of Austria
1582 – George Buchanan, Scottish historian (b. 1506)
1618 – Joshua Sylvester, English poet (b. 1563)
1687 – Francis Turretin, Swiss theologian (b. 1623)
1694 – Gabriel Mouton, French scientist (b. 1618)
1702 – Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, English statesman (b. 1640)
1742 – Jean Baptiste Massillon, French churchman (b. 1663)
1781 – William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford, British diplomat and statesman (b. 1717)
1844 – Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, Russian general and statesman (b. 1769)
1873 – Émile Gaboriau, French writer and journalist (b. 1832)
1891 – Herman Melville, American novelist (b. 1819)
1895 – Louis Pasteur, French scientist (b. 1822)
1914 – Richard Sears, businessman (Sears, Roebuck and Company) (b. 1863)
1915 – Saitou Hajime, 3rd squad leader of the Shinsengumi died under name of Goro Fujita (b. 1844)
1918 – Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1858)
1918 – Freddie Stowers, American soldier (b. 1896)
1935 – W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (b. 1860)
1938 – Charles Duryea, American automobile manufacturer (b. 1861)
1953 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (b. 1889)
1956 – William Edward Boeing, American aviation pioneer (b. 1881)
1957 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan composer and musician(b. 1888)
1959 – Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (b. 1901)
1964 – Harpo Marx, American comedian and actor (b. 1888)
1966 – André Breton, French poet (b. 1896)
1970 – John Dos Passos, American novelist (b. 1896)
1970 – Gamal Abdel Nasser, the second President of Egypt (b. 1918)
1978 – Pope John Paul I (b. 1912), after just 33 days in office
1979 – John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (b. 1921)
1981 – Rómulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (b. 1908)
1982 – Mabel Albertson, American actress (b. 1901)
1989 – Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (b. 1917)
1991 – Miles Davis, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1926)
1993 – Peter De Vries, American novelist (b. 1910)
1993 – Fraser MacPherson, Canadian jazz saxophonist (b. 1928)
1993 – Alexander A. Drabik, American soldier (b. 1910)
1994 – Urmas Alender, Estonian singer and musician (b. 1953)
1994 – José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican politician (assassinated) (b. 1946)
1994 – Harry Saltzman, American film producer (b. 1915)
2000 – Pierre Trudeau, 15th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1919)
2002 – Patsy Mink, U.S. Congresswoman (b. 1927)
2002 – Hartland Molson, Canadian businessman (Molson family), senator and sports executive (Montreal Canadiens) (b. 1907)
2003 – Althea Gibson, American tennis player (b. 1927)
2003 – Elia Kazan, Greek-born American film director (b. 1909)
2003 – George Odlum, Saint Lucian politician (b. 1934)
2004 – Geoffrey Beene, American fashion designer (b. 1924)
2004 – Scott Muni, American disc jockey (b. 1930)
2005 – Constance Baker Motley, American judge (b. 1921)
2007 – René Desmaison, French mountaineer (b. 1930)
2007 – Wally Parks, Founder of the NHRA (b. 1913)
2009 – Ulf Larsson, Swedish actor (b. 1956)
2009 – Guillermo Endara, former President of Panama (b. 1936)